Financial Functions¶

Loan & Annuity¶

Function	Syntax	Example	Description
PMT	`PMT(rate, nper, pv, [fv], [type])`	`=PMT(0.05/12, 360, -200000)`	Monthly payment on a loan
PV	`PV(rate, nper, pmt, [fv], [type])`	`=PV(0.05/12, 360, -1073)`	Present value of an annuity
FV	`FV(rate, nper, pmt, [pv], [type])`	`=FV(0.06/12, 120, -200)`	Future value of an investment
NPER	`NPER(rate, pmt, pv, [fv], [type])`	`=NPER(0.05/12, -500, 20000)`	Number of payment periods
RATE	`RATE(nper, pmt, pv, [fv], [type])`	`=RATE(360, -1073, 200000)`	Interest rate per period
IPMT	`IPMT(rate, per, nper, pv)`	`=IPMT(0.05/12, 1, 360, -200000)`	Interest portion of a payment
PPMT	`PPMT(rate, per, nper, pv)`	`=PPMT(0.05/12, 1, 360, -200000)`	Principal portion of a payment

Cumulative Interest & Principal¶

Function	Syntax	Example	Description
CUMIPMT	`CUMIPMT(rate, nper, pv, start, end, type)`	`=CUMIPMT(0.05/12, 360, 200000, 1, 12, 0)`	Cumulative interest between periods
CUMPRINC	`CUMPRINC(rate, nper, pv, start, end, type)`	`=CUMPRINC(0.05/12, 360, 200000, 1, 12, 0)`	Cumulative principal between periods

Investment Analysis¶

Function	Syntax	Example	Description
NPV	`NPV(rate, value1, ...)`	`=NPV(0.1, -1000, 300, 400, 500)`	Net present value of cash flows
IRR	`IRR(values, [guess])`	`=IRR(A1:A5)`	Internal rate of return
EFFECT	`EFFECT(nominal_rate, npery)`	`=EFFECT(0.05, 12)`	Effective annual interest rate
NOMINAL	`NOMINAL(effect_rate, npery)`	`=NOMINAL(0.0512, 12)`	Nominal annual interest rate

Depreciation¶

Function	Syntax	Example	Description
SLN	`SLN(cost, salvage, life)`	`=SLN(10000, 1000, 5)`	Straight-line depreciation
SYD	`SYD(cost, salvage, life, per)`	`=SYD(10000, 1000, 5, 1)`	Sum-of-years-digits depreciation
DB	`DB(cost, salvage, life, period)`	`=DB(10000, 1000, 5, 1)`	Declining balance depreciation
DDB	`DDB(cost, salvage, life, period, [factor])`	`=DDB(10000, 1000, 5, 1)`	Double declining balance depreciation

Note: In financial functions, cash outflows are negative and inflows are positive. The rate parameter is the rate per period (e.g., annual rate / 12 for monthly payments).